Resistance to Change - 4896 Words

Resistance to Change HR587-Managing Organizational Change Course Project Instructor: Kathleen Milburn Keller Graduate School of Management 06/16/2010 Nga Le Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Literature Review 3 Force-Field Analysis Diagram 4 Decoding Resistance to Change 6 Working with Resistance 7 Key Elements to Effective Organizational Training 7 Successful Project Management 9 Managers as Resistors 10 Managing Resistance 12 Default Option Approach 12 Change Management Models 13 Start Model Approach 13 Start Model Incorporation with Congruence Model 16 Compare and Contrast Different Management Models 16 Discussion and Conclusion 18 Works Cited 19 Appendix 20 Executive Summary†¦show more content†¦The point that I’m trying to make is that men will adapt to our ever changing environments if they sense that those changes are crucial, urgent, and does not threaten their current position (which they feel are safe and secure). People don’t resist changes because they dislike those changes. People resist changes because they’ve encountered previous experiences of change that are unpleasant or have negative effects on their interests. People resist changes, because they are unsure of the outcome that those changes will bring. People resist changes because they are comfortable with the current organizational culture and feel that the new changes would jeopardize their job security. Now that we know why people resist changes—we need to find a way to diagnose certain signs and how we can manage these resistance. Every Organization will have different groups that will react differently to change. By learning prop er ways to diagnose we can handle the situation with care and ease. Essentially, when we talk about resisting changes, we need to start from the very beginning, when those changes first started to have a clearer diagnose. Force-Field Analysis Diagram The transition starts at the implementation process of change because that is where we can find restraining forces that can hinder implementation of change. In chapter 5 (Diagnosis for Change) in our text, there’s an analysis diagram called Force-Field Analysis that shows different drivingShow MoreRelatedThe Resistance to Change988 Words   |  4 PagesAs a person one might find that we follow a specific routine on the day to day basis. Sudden changes to these routines feels weird and out of place. In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose For Emily† based in a fictional town called Jefferson taking place during the twentieth century. The time period is indeed an important factor because southern tradition was above all of the highest importance. This short story gives the audience details of life during that time in which they followed the values of southernRead MoreResistance to Change1251 Words   |  6 PagesResistance to Change MGT380 - Managing Organizational Change July 30, 2012 Dr. David M. Piltz Resistance to Change Organizational change is a focus for Starbucks. The resistance to change needs to be a consideration for the company. Starbucks needs to focus on how to communicate the change in the organization and the attitudes that come with the change, whether it is positive or negative. Starbucks needs to establish strategies for managing the attitudes and the role of the presidentRead MoreResistance to Change2462 Words   |  10 PagesResisting Change Change is a natural process, it occurs every day whether it is recognized or not. Many factors both external an internal can create a need for change, these include: competition, technology, desire for growth, need to improve processes, and governmental regulations. It is the purpose of this paper to describe and discuss resistance to change as it relates to organizations today. I plan to utilize several scholarly references including the book â€Å"Managing OrganizationalRead MoreResistance to Change1785 Words   |  8 Pagesmight resist change because of self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change. Outline the five techniques that companies can use to manage resistance to change that are described in your textbook and discuss using the refereed journal articles you have researched for this essay. | DATE DUE: DATE SUBMITTED: | LECTURER’S NAME:Anita | TUTORS NAME:Chitra | TUTORIAL GROUP/CLASS TIME:Tutorial 1 | How to Manage Resistance to Change in an Organization Read MoreResistance to Change7392 Words   |  30 PagesLeadership Organization Development Journal Emerald Article: Resistance to organizational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes Wayne H. Bovey, Andy Hede Article information: To cite this document: Wayne H. Bovey, Andy Hede, (2001),Resistance to organizational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes, Leadership Organization Development Journal, Vol. 22 Iss: 8 pp. 372 - 382 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730110410099 DownloadedRead MoreResistance to Change2093 Words   |  9 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION Change they say is the only constant thing. It is however a big wonder why many people still resist change even in large institutions. Resistance to change has therefore had a negative connotation because it portrays people avoiding the inevitable and not wanting to improve or face challenges. The essence of this paper is to peel the outward negative layer of resistance to change and dig deeper to reveal how it can be managed and transformed into a positive thing which may availRead MoreResistance Of Change And Change Management1666 Words   |  7 PagesResistance to Change NASA had a firm hierarchy and this brought about a lot of resistance to change from people. NASA could have gotten more of the people involved in the changes. I find that by getting people involved and having some key people or champions to support the change, there is less resistance. People want to feel involved and a part of decisions, especially if it impacts them directly. When it comes to successful change management, get people involved earlier, which will contributeRead MoreOvercoming Resistance to Change1671 Words   |  7 PagesOvercoming Resistance to Change BUS 610 Organizational Behavior Overcoming Resistance Resistance is a normal and a perfectly natural reaction to change. Each person has their own amount they can take, but the reasons behind why employees resist in the first place may be surprising.   According to these experts, the fear of moving into an unknown future state creates anxiety and stress, even if the current state is painful (Eroke, 2013). A complete understanding of the unique ways thatRead MoreResistance to Change Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesResistance to Change Organizational change is the movement of an organization away from its present state and toward some desired future state to increase its effectiveness. (George et al, pg 567) Organizations need to change in the modern day market place. New technologies, globalization, foreign trade, investments and constantly shifting marketplaces demand the need for flexibility, adaptation, and change. The downside to this is in an organizations employees. People by nature resist changeRead MoreAn Individuals Resistance to Change1057 Words   |  5 PagesAn Individuals Resistance to Change Throughout the years the world has experience change. In the last five years we have seen drastic change within our country. In 2007 we elected our first African American as president. The technology world has change, almost every electronic we use now are touch screens. Everything outside of the work place has been adapting to change, but can the employees in the workplace adapting to change. Introduction Organizations has become more popular in the workplace

Analytical Essay on Tim Burtons Style in Film Directing-...

Indisputably, Tim Burton has one of the world’s most distinct styles when regarding film directing. His tone, mood, diction, imagery, organization, syntax, and point of view within his films sets him apart from other renowned directors. Burton’s style can be easily depicted in two of his most highly esteemed and critically acclaimed films, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Burton ingeniously incorporates effective cinematic techniques to convey a poignant underlying message to the audience. Such cinematic techniques are in the lighting and editing technique categories. High key and low key relationships plus editing variations evinces the director’s elaborate style. He utilizes these cinematic techniques to†¦show more content†¦The same cinematic technique is utilized in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the inception of the film, darker and paler shades of colors are emphasized in the scenery. Especially inside Charlieâ⠂¬â„¢s home. However, once inside the chocolate factory, conspicuous colors are introduced. Even though the factory seemed like an exuberant center, there was still a profound void inside the hearts of Wonka, the obnoxious children, and non-proficient parents, not including Charlie and his grandfather. They were lacking the warmth of family unity and self content amid impecuniosity, that Charlie and his grandfather possessed. One can discern that Burton’s style is highly influenced by his lighting effects which in turn affects the tone, mood, and imagery of the film. The sharp contrast of coloration, establishes symbolism, tone, mood, and imagery. Another apparent effect of lighting is the mood it synthesizes. During the scenes in which the figures are pale or low key, the viewer feels uncomfortable. The reverse occurs during the high key scenes. Without the implementation of high key and low key, Burton’s message would have never been fully apprehended in both of th e films. The efficacious nature of films owes its prominent properties to the array of editing techniques. In the aforementioned films , editing techniques stabilizes the movie and

Television And The Golden Age Of Television Essay

Have you often found yourself watching television and saying â€Å"Just one more episode† and suddenly it’s 3am and you have to wake up in four hours to go to work or school? Ever since man discovered fire, we have been using artificial light to extend our days and fight off sleep. We continue to work late into the night with the development of electricity and light bulbs. In the 1950s, when televisions were first introduced to the general population, nearly two thirds of American households had televisions. During what is referred to as The Golden Age of Television, families would gather around their TV set and watch their favorite shows together and after nine that evening they would head to sleep because there was nothing else to watch. Now there are thousands of television networks and channels that are constantly playing programs, whether they’re reruns of old shows or new episodes. There are also dozens of options that allow you to watch for hours on end, whether they’re live television, DVR, HBO, Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, or On Demand. Not to mention the evolution of computers and smartphones, we are constantly surrounded by technology 24/7, which begins to affect our brains in ways that have never been seen before in history. We have always known that we need sleep, but up until the 1950s, most people thought of sleep as a passive, dormant part of our daily lives. We now know that our brains are very active during sleep. Moreover, sleep affects our daily functioning andShow MoreRelatedThe First Golden Age Of Television1278 Words   |  6 PagesSixth Response In the first golden age, there was no gold. In fact, there was no color, only black and white. The first golden age of television occurred in the nineteen-fifties and the gold was quite humble on the surface. Because the shows were about local police, cowboys and housewives. However, these wholesome programs acted like an awl, digging deep into the national psyche, bringing out something truly valuable and sought after by everyone. These shows exemplified the feelings of a nation andRead MoreThe New Golden Age Of Television Essay1740 Words   |  7 PagesMcCauley Intro to Humanities 16 November 2016 The New Golden Age of Television Television is so popular that it is almost a vital part of life to most people. According to the article â€Å"The Real Golden Age of Television†, the first successful demonstration of electronic television was introduced on September 7, 1927. (Handy William). It was designed by Philo Taylor Farnsworth. Charles Jenkins is also an important person to the creation of television because he created the first mechanical TV on JuneRead MorePostwar America: The Golden Age of Television Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe ‘Golden Age of Television’ is what many refer to as the period between the 1950s and 60s when the television began to establish itself as a prevalent medium in the United States. In 1947, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), and the Du Mont Network were the four main television networks that ran stations with regular programming taking place. (Television, 2003) While regul ar television programming was a new innovationRead MoreThe Different Types of Messages and Representations Television Media Communicates about Older Adulthood1107 Words   |  5 Pagesadult. For the purpose of this paper, an older adult is a man or woman who is over the age of 65. Although they are seen regularly in society, have you ever stopped to notice how older adults are treated and portrayed in on-screen media? Most people who watch television have started to notice the quantity and quality of older adult characters over the years. During the era of television shows such as The Golden Girls, older men and women were almost always in a featured role. They were also portrayedRead MoreThe And Redefining Expectations Of Quality Television1340 Words   |  6 PagesBattlestar Galactica Rebooted, Refurbished, and Redefining Expectations of Quality Television In 2002 Ron Moore began working on an updated, reimagined take on the 1970’s Science Fiction show Battlestar Galactica. With the help of producer David Eick, Moore created a miniseries event that was one part film, one part pilot for a new breed of televised Science Fiction drama. Combining elements present in other Quality Television shows, Battlestar Galactica (BSG) redefined the expectations of consumers forRead MoreRadios Impact On The Media1265 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation. Radio has continued to be a part of mass communication, sending messages to an audience through music, local and international news, comedy shows and even celebrity updates. Radio had mild beginnings to hobbyists, increased popularity, the golden ages and finally radio has withstood the tests of time to continue to be part of consumer society. Radio Beginnings The radio had humble beginnings with the early adopters who were hobbyists of what the radio provided as the first means of broadcastingRead MoreThe Point Of Theatre And Motion Picture Technology1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmedium, will first be explored through theatre’s effect on media created by motion picture technology. In the 1950’s, the term teleplay began to be used to help distinguish stage plays from those written for television (Merriam-Webster). The teleplay was a result of theatre’s influence on television and indirectly effected the experience of the viewers and the storytelling for writers. During this time, anthology dramas, such as Playhouse 90 and Studio One, were incredibly popular and were likened toRead MoreTelevision Has Made A Major Impact On Today s Society1922 Words   |  8 PagesTelevision has made a major impact on today’s society and everywhere you go you see people watching television. The first successful television set was made in San Francisco, September 7, 1927 by a twenty-one year old inventor named, Philo Taylor Farnsworth(TV History). Farnsworth struggled a lot throughout his life and after many legal battles, Farnsworth died in debt from lawsuits in 1971(Philo T. Farnsworth). Almost ninety years later, a common family tradition is sitting around the televisionRead MoreRadio Communication : Radio And Radio1396 Words   |  6 PagesS. and Europe, broadcasting stations such as KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and England s British Broadcasting Company (BBC) began to surface. Radio has improved throughout the years to help us. Henirich Hertz was a German physicist, who died at age 37 from food poisoning and he was the first to prove that it could transmit and receive electric waves wirelessly. Fun fact is that every building block of radio and every frequency measurement is named after him (the Hertz). Edwin Armstrong createdRead MoreTelevision Does Not Burn Our Minds941 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people generally think of television, most may assume it rots the mind. Freelance writer Rachel Krantz not only believes that TV is not useful for your mind, it â€Å"may kill you, decrease your chances of having kids, ruin the ones you do have, and possibly turn you violent.† Could any of this have happened to me as I was bi nge-watching The Simpsons from seasons one to eight during the summer? I initially thought that this show was prone to dumb me down as I did this, but instead it enlightened

Different Approaches Strategic Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Different Approaches Strategic Management? Answer: Introducation Strategic management can be referred to as the control, planning, directing and analyzing of an organizations resources with an aim of achieving its set goals and objectives. Strategic management gives a business a clear and direct sense of direction (Bergh et al, 2016). Therefore, it a process through which business managers set objectives, identify resources and implement their strategies to enable the business increase or improve its performance and gain competitive advantage in the market or industry (Rothaermel, 2015). Through strategic management, organizational managers have the opportunity to evaluate and analyze the organizations competitive advantage, the organizations internal status and evaluate every business and management operation. Strategic management helps the business managers to focus and concentrate on their priorities by directing their energy and resources towards improving the overall business operations (Trigeorgis et al, 2017). This is mostly possible when a ll the organizational employees are in board or rather understand the overall objective and goal of the organization. This basically motivates most employees into working towards something they understand and believe in, simply because they have a common goal to achieve. In that case, strategic management has proved to be a very important and useful tool or process for ensuring every businesss success and objective achievement. Every business organizations management team has to have its own strategic management strategy. Different organizations use completely different management strategies based on their size, number of employees, value of their employees, organizational goals and objectives, effect of the strategy to its employees among other things (Rothaermel, 2015). However, every management team must also have their own approach to their strategic management. This basically means a personal way engineered specifically for making strategic decisions. There are currently a number of different types of strategic management approaches. There are the general approaches and the alternative approaches. Current Standard Linear Approach The Standard Linear Approach management strategy focuses on the planning, control and directing of business goals and objectives towards their actual achievement and success. Basically, it concentrates on Nursing that the organization always has a competitive advantage over its competitors in the market. This means that the approach helps a business device ways to beat its competitors by achieving their objectives and goals. Through this approach, business managers are able to make sound and smart decisions (objectives and goals) and create an effective plan on how to achieve them. Advantages of Linear Approach The business managers have the opportunity to make better, smart objectives for the organization The managers are the only ones to make organizational decisions and not involving the Board of Directors Increases the chances of organizational productivity and success Provides methods of dealing with competitors Creates a better future for the business by identifying strategic directions Disadvantages of Using Linear Approach It is an expensive process in case changes happen Discourages flexibility of the business STAKEHOLDER APPROACH The stakeholder approached emerged in the 1980s when the publication of R. Edward Freemans strategic management in business and public policy was underway. This approach was discussed in details in the stakeholder theory article that was published during that time (Freeman et al, 2011). This approach is entirely based on issues that are related to or affect a businesss stakeholders. A stakeholders is an individual who is likely to be affected by the performance of an organization or in the outcome of a decision making process (Freeman, 2010). They include parties like, employees, managers, owners who are called the internal stakeholders and suppliers, society, government, investors, customers, financiers, shareholders, creditors to name a few, often known as the external stakeholders (Fassin, 2012). The approach focuses on addressing the morals and values of the business stakeholders. In other words, it tries to build a framework that concentrates on ensuring that the stakeholders co ncerns and wishes are met. The approach is able to help the business managers develop effective strategic decisions as well as create new opportunities for organizational growth and development (Harrison et al, 2013). The main purpose of this approach is to create different ways of managing and achieving the stakeholders objectives and maintain their relationships in a positive way. An example of a business organization that uses this approach is the RELX Group Company. Which is an international/Global company whose headquarters are based in London, United Kingdom. Also, it located in other developed countries like USA, Australia, Asia and China among others. The mining industry as well as the education industry e.g. University of Virginiaaresome of the industries that use this approach to manage their business operations. Through this approach, most businesses have been able to coexist with the surrounding society for as long as they have existed. Benefits of using Stakeholder Strategic Management The product brand is strengthened due to the ethics support provided by t5he stakeholders and the corporate social responsibility support as well There is better management relationships in the business Increases the chances of making better strategies and decisions Encourages better acceptance of the business actions by the stakeholders in general Limitations of Using Stakeholder Approach It is difficult to determine who the primary or secondary stakeholders are. This therefore limits the organization in knowing who will be most relevant when making decisions and who will not. There is frequent disagreements because of the confusion of purpose of every stakeholder There are conflicts regarding power and authority distribution among the stakeholders It is basically more of society success that business success which limits the overall business performance and success Implementation Issues Related to Stakeholder Approach To implement the stakeholder approach, the following steps can be followed (Freeman et al, 2011): Identification of the organizations stakeholders. This includes categorizing then into external or internal, secondary or primary, active or inactive. Create a value proposition for each stakeholder, i.e. determining what the business is expecting from the stakeholders group. This can be either emotional value, financial value or functional value for the business. Compare the value provided with the expected value for the business Create a profit model to use in managing the inevitable trade-offs among the stakeholders groups Identify the businesss key performance indicators to help you tract the organizations effectiveness. Some of the issues that relate to this implementation plan are: Its rules vague and impractical in the real world It does not clarify the specific stakeholders Does not give the specific benefit for the business It is not easy to identify the person involved with benefit allocation to the stakeholders Dynamic Capabilities Approach In general terms, dynamic capability of a business is the ability of the business to adapt to the organizational resources use. However, dynamic capabilities refers to the ability of a business to adapt to changes (external changes) in an effective and efficient way (Barros et al, 2016). Therefore, dynamic capabilities approach focuses on encouraging the business managers to develop their strategic decisions with an aim of maintaining the organizations operations and competitive advantage (Giniuniene and Jurksiene,2015). For instance, the current world technology improvement and advancement. This approach forces the business managers to manage the strategic changes induced by the technology development and maintain optimum business capability and achievement. In that case, the approach helps the managers to adapt to their ordinary business schedules and make use of the resources available and still plan for the organizations future state (Ambrosini and Bowman, 2009). This approach ba sically is used to determine the managers competence and effectiveness towards achieving the business goals and objectives and maintaining its competitive advantage in the current business world. This management approach is mostly used by business organizations that deal with technological changes. This basically means the businesses that produce products like technology applications, software systems, technology devices or information technology devices among other things like mobile phones, computers, software developers to name a few. Examples of such companies are: Apple and IBM. These are international companies which are growing and developing at very high rates based on technology advancement. These companies have been able to manage their environmental changes (specifically technology continuous change) and have also been able to maintain their competitive advantage. In other words, the companies have actually used the dynamic changes in their environment to develop their products and services which leads to their growth marketing development (Teece, 2017). Advantages of using Dynamic Capabilities Approach It encourages the business managers to work harder and be more focused Encourages the managers in making the most strategic and effective strategic decisions Enables the business to maintain and understand its sustainable advantage in dynamic environment Enable the business to expand its resource base view Enables a business organization to maintain its competitive advantage in a dynamic environment Helps the managers in creating an effective plan and determining a businesss future state efficiently Limitations of using Dynamic Capabilities Approach A business is not able to comprehend or predict the future state of its environment. This does not allow it to plan for the future effectively in terms of resource identification and use. The business organization may not have the resources needed to manage the changes in the environment as well as maintain its competitive advantage and success. This approach limits a business when it comes to determining the future effects or consequences related to future change or dynamism Implementation Issues Related to Dynamic Capabilities Approach There is a lot of uncertainty for the business that is using this approach. The business is not able to predict either the change or the impact that will accompany the change itself. It interferes with an organizations daily operations or schedule. In case of a drastic change in the environment, the business must change its resources or tactics to match the change. Sustainable Approach Business sustainability is a process by which companies manage their overall operations which consist of the financial, social, technical, internal and external operations. In addition to that, sustainability also involves the management and maintenance of a businesss environmental status (both internal and external environments), its strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats (Aarseth et al, 2017). Therefore, Strategic management is the actual control, planning and directing of all the activities that affect a businesss sustainability (Adams et al, 2016). This means that its the evaluation and analysis of the techniques and strategies that a business management team takes to maintain its sustainability. In other terms, sustainability approach is used by business managers to ensure that they have created an effective and efficient environment for the business to sustain its development and growth in all aspects (Baumgartner and Rauter, 2017). This approach ensures tha t the business has a sustainable opportunity to earn maximum revenue, maintain its competitive advantage, effectively used and allocated the available resources among other things (Adams et al, 2016). Sustainable approach enables the business managers to make not just the right decisions for the business but also to ensure that the decisions made are capable of maintaining the business in its position and position as well as maintaining its growth and development levels high. However, this approach does not only focus on the business but also its surrounding environment. It ensures that the business encourages other environmental aspects like agriculture, society development and economic growth. Sustainable management focuses on improving the quality and status of the environment and effective use and allocation of the resources (Aarseth et al, 2017). Examples of companies that have implemented and made use of this approach are: Starbucks, Coca Cola and Ford which are all international companies. These companies have managed to implement this approach effectively for a long time now. This is simply because their operations basically depend on the environmental success and quality. The growth and development of these companies is prove that this approach is certainly dependable and reliable. Advantages of Using Sustainable Approach The business managers are able to take control of the business operations and the environmental success as well Decisions made are mainly in consideration of both the organizations and the environments success Helps an organization establish its own direction and plan for success Enable business managers to make strategic and effective decisions Enable an organization to be ongoing by creating long-term goals and objectives Increases the business focus to the future Increases employee satisfaction due to the encouragement originating from future focus and meaningful purpose of the employee Increases a businesss brand and image recognition Limitations of Using Sustainable Approach It limits the organization to the use and implementation of current and uprising technologies around the world Limits business development, growth and success. A business can not only focus on its success but has to consider the environmental success and maintenance as well Limits the environment into depending entirely on the business actions Implementations Issues Related to Use of Sustainable Approach A business may not be able to manage and maintain the success of both the organization and the environment, i.e. in most case, one succeed while the other fail (Baumgartner and Rauter, 2017). Requires a lot of funds and commitment to implement which is therefore an added expense to the business organization Conclusion From the research, strategic management is a very crucial process for every business. Strategic management approaches have proven to be very essential aspects for business success as well. The approach that any business chooses should be focused on its objective and goal achievement. There are actually a good number of strategic management approaches in the business world which have proven to be very effective and efficient for different business organizations. In that case, every business should choose the right and suitable approach to use in its operations. Stakeholder approach basically focuses on the satisfaction of the stakeholders only. Its advantages, disadvantages and implementation issues should guide a business towards choosing it. Sustainability (which focuses on both the business and environmental success, growth and development) and dynamic capabilities (mostly used for the business that use technology or dealing with drastic and unplanned environmental changes) approac hes also have their advantages and disadvantages listed above. Every organization should therefore understand all these aspects before choosing an approach to implement in its operations. References Aarseth, W., Ahola, T., Aaltonen, K., kland, A. and Andersen, B., 2017. Project sustainability strategies: a systematic literature review.International Journal of Project Management,35(6), pp.1071-1083. Adams, R., Jeanrenaud, S., Bessant, J., Denyer, D. and Overy, P., 2016. Sustainability?oriented innovation: a systematic review.International Journal of Management Reviews,18(2), pp.180-205. Ambrosini, V. and Bowman, C., 2009. What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management?International journal of management reviews,11(1), pp.29-49. Barros, I., Hernangmez, J. and Martin-Cruz, N., 2016. A theoretical model of strategic management of family firms. A dynamic capabilities approach.Journal of Family Business Strategy,7(3), pp.149-159. Baumgartner, R.J. and Rauter, R., 2017. Strategic perspectives of corporate sustainability management to develop a sustainable organization.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, pp.81-92. Bergh, D.D., Aguinis, H., Heavey, C., Ketchen, D.J., Boyd, B.K., Su, P., Lau, C.L. and Joo, H., 2016. Using meta?analytic structural equation modeling to advance strategic management research: Guidelines and an empirical illustration via the strategic leadership?performance relationship.Strategic Management Journal,37(3), pp.477-497. Fassin, Y., 2012. Stakeholder management, reciprocity and stakeholder responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,109(1), pp.83-96. Freeman, R.E., 2010.Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press. Freeman, R.E., Wicks, A.C. and Parmar, B., 2011. Stakeholder theory as a basis for capitalism. InCorporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance(pp. 52-72). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Giniuniene, J. and Jurksiene, L., 2015. Dynamic Capabilities, Innovation and Organizational Learning: Interrelations and Impact on Firm Performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,213, pp.985-991. Harrison, J.S. and Wicks, A.C., 2013. Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(1), pp.97-124. Mainardes, E.W., Ferreira, J.J. and Raposo, M.L., 2014. Strategy and strategic management concepts: are they recognised by management students?E+ M Ekonomie a Management, (1), p.43. Rosenberg Hansen, J. and Ferlie, E., 2016. Applying strategic management theories in public sector organizations: Developing a Typology.Public Management Review,18(1), pp.1-19. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Teece, D.J., 2017. Dynamic Capabilities and the Multinational Enterprise. InGlobalization(pp. 105-129). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Trigeorgis, L. and Reuer, J.J., 2017. Real options theory in strategic management.Strategic Management Journal,38(1), pp.42-63.